Types of Heating Oil in the UK: A Complete Guide
Heating oil is a crucial energy source for many homes and businesses in the UK, especially in rural areas where mains gas is not available. It is stored in tanks on-site and used in oil-fired boilers or furnaces to provide heat and hot water. Knowing the different types of heating oil available in the UK can help consumers make informed decisions based on cost, efficiency, and environmental impact. This article outlines the main types of heating oil used across the country.
What is Heating Oil?
Heating oil is a refined petroleum product specifically designed for use in heating systems. It is similar to diesel but refined to different standards to ensure it burns efficiently in boilers and heaters. The oil is stored in tanks and periodically replenished by suppliers.
The Two Main Types of Heating Oil in the UK
The UK market primarily uses two types of heating oil: Kerosene (28-second oil) and Gas Oil (35-second oil or red diesel). Each type differs in viscosity, taxation, and approved applications.
1. Kerosene (28-Second Oil)
Kerosene is the most widely used heating oil for domestic purposes. It is sometimes called 28-second oil because its viscosity means it takes approximately 28 seconds to flow through a standard test nozzle at 20C.
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Use: Kerosene is typically used in homes to fuel oil-fired boilers and heating systems.
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Advantages: It burns relatively cleanly, producing fewer emissions and less soot than heavier oils. This helps keep boilers running efficiently and reduces maintenance needs.
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Cost: Kerosene is usually more expensive than gas oil because it carries a higher fuel duty (tax).
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Environmental Impact: While still a fossil fuel, kerosene produces less particulate pollution, making it better for indoor air quality and the environment compared to heavier fuels.
2. Gas Oil (35-Second Oil or Red Diesel)
Gas oil, often referred to as red diesel due to the distinctive red dye added for taxation purposes, is thicker and less refined than kerosene. It flows more slowly, taking about 35 seconds in the viscosity test.
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Use: Gas oil is primarily used for commercial, agricultural, and industrial heating applications, as well as in certain types of machinery and vehicles.
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Advantages: It is cheaper than kerosene because it benefits from a lower fuel duty.
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Cost: Gas oil is less expensive, making it popular for commercial use but it is generally not permitted for domestic heating due to legal restrictions.
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Environmental Impact: Gas oil produces more soot and particulates than kerosene, which can affect equipment performance and emissions.
Emerging Alternatives: Bioheating Oil
In recent years, bioheating oil has gained popularity in the UK as a more environmentally friendly alternative. This fuel is a blend of traditional heating oil with biofuels made from renewable sources like vegetable oils or animal fats.
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Benefits: Bioheating oil reduces carbon emissions and can usually be used in existing oil boilers without modifications.
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Availability: Some suppliers offer blends with up to 30% bio-content, supporting the UKs sustainability goals.
Regulatory and Safety Considerations
Kerosene is the only heating oil approved for most domestic heating systems in the UK. Gas oil use is limited to commercial and agricultural settings. Proper storage in approved tanks and regular boiler maintenance are essential for safety and efficiency.
Conclusion
For UK homeowners, kerosene remains the standard heating oil due to its clean-burning properties and regulatory approval. Gas oil serves commercial and agricultural sectors where cost savings are a priority but is generally not used in homes. As environmental awareness grows, bioheating oil blends offer a greener alternative that fits with existing systems. By understanding these options, consumers can choose the best heating oil to suit their needs, budget, and environmental considerations.
